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John Hoyland studied at Sheffield College of Art between 1951 and 1956, followed by the Royal Academy Schools between 1956 and 1960. He was further influenced by a trip to New York in 1964 where he first saw works by Kenneth Noland and Helen Frankenthaler and also met Clement Greenberg, who introduced him to the work of Hans Hofmann and Morris Louis. In the 1970s he returned to New York where he worked alongside many of these artists.

In 1960 and 1961 Hoyland was one of the youngest artists to exhibit in the Situation exhibitions alongside Harold and Bernard Cohen, William Turnbull, Gillian Ayres, and Robyn Denny. Hoyland's early geometric abstract works from this period gave way to more fluid, organic works,

In 1967, he was the subject of a solo exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery and two years later represented the United Kingdom, with Anthony Caro, at the 1969 Sao Paulo Beinnale.